Which of the following is NOT listed as a direct health impact of domestic violence?

• A. Acute trauma and death
• B. Chronic pain
• C. HIV infection
• D. Suicidal ideation or attempt

Answer: (C)

This item tests understanding of what counts as a direct health impact of domestic violence. Direct health impacts are the immediate physical harms and closely linked health effects caused directly by the violence, such as acute trauma and death, and longer‑term physical symptoms like chronic pain. They also encompass mental health consequences that arise directly from the experience, such as suicidal ideation or attempts. HIV infection, while a possible health outcome in this context due to exposure or coerced sex, is not typically categorized as a direct health impact because it is a broader health consequence linked to exposure risk rather than an immediate injury or trauma caused directly by the violent act.